The Silk Road: Woyendetsa Sitima Yachuma

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1500, zombo zambirimbiri zinanyamuka kuchokera ku Nanjing.Unali ulendo woyamba mwa mndandanda wa maulendo apanyanja omwe, kwakanthawi kochepa, akakhazikitsa China ngati mphamvu yotsogola yanthawiyo.Ulendowu udatsogozedwa ndi Zheng He, mlendo wofunika kwambiri waku China yemwe adakhalapo kale komanso m'modzi mwa amalinyero akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.M'malo mwake, anthu ena amaganiza kuti anali chitsanzo choyambirira cha Sinbad the Sailor yodziwika bwino.
Mu 1371, Zheng He anabadwa m’dera limene masiku ano limatchedwa Yunnan kwa makolo achisilamu, omwe anamutcha kuti Ma Sanpao.Ali ndi zaka 11, magulu ankhondo a Ming adalanda Ma ndikupita naye ku Nanjing.Kumeneko anadulidwa ndi kuikidwa kukhala mdindo m’nyumba ya mfumu.

Ma adacheza ndi kalonga komweko yemwe pambuyo pake adadzakhala Yong Le Emperor, m'modzi mwa odziwika kwambiri a Ming Dynasty.Wolimba mtima, wamphamvu, wanzeru komanso wokhulupirika kwathunthu, Ma adapeza chidaliro cha kalonga yemwe, atakhala pampando wachifumu, adamupatsa dzina latsopano ndikumupanga kukhala Grand Imperial Euuch.

Yong Le anali mfumu yofuna kutchuka imene inkakhulupirira kuti ukulu wa dziko la China udzawonjezedwera ndi lamulo lotsegula khomo lokhudza malonda a mayiko ndi kukambirana.Mu 1405, adalamula zombo za ku China kuti zipite ku Indian Ocean, ndikuyika Zheng He kuti aziyang'anira ulendowu.Zheng adatsogolera maulendo asanu ndi awiri pazaka 28, akuyendera mayiko opitilira 40.

Zombo za Zheng zinali ndi zombo zoposa 300 ndi amalinyero 30,000.Zombo zazikulu kwambiri, "zombo zamtengo wapatali" za mamita 133, zinali ndi masts asanu ndi anayi ndipo zimatha kunyamula anthu chikwi.Pamodzi ndi gulu lankhondo la Han ndi Asilamu, Zheng anatsegula njira zamalonda ku Africa, India, ndi Southeast Asia.

Maulendowa adathandizira kukulitsa chidwi chamayiko akunja ku zinthu zaku China monga silika ndi dothi.Komanso, Zheng He anabweretsa zinthu zachilendo zakunja ku China, kuphatikizapo giraffe woyamba kuwonedwa kumeneko.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu zodziwikiratu za zombozi zinkatanthauza kuti Mfumu ya China inalamula ulemu ndipo inachititsa mantha ku Asia konse.

Ngakhale kuti cholinga chachikulu cha Zheng He chinali chofuna kusonyeza kuti dziko la Ming la China ndi lalikulu, nthawi zambiri ankalowerera ndale za m’madera amene ankapitako.Mwachitsanzo, ku Ceylon, iye anathandiza kubwezeretsa wolamulira wovomerezeka pampando wachifumu.Pachilumba cha Sumatra, chomwe tsopano chili m’dziko la Indonesia, iye anagonjetsa gulu lankhondo la chigawenga choopsa n’kupita naye ku China kuti akamuphe.

Ngakhale kuti Zheng He anamwalira mu 1433 ndipo n’kutheka kuti anaikidwa m’manda panyanja, manda ndi chipilala chake chaching’ono chidakalipo m’chigawo cha Jiangsu.Patatha zaka zitatu Zheng He atamwalira, mfumu ina inaletsa ntchito yomanga zombo zapanyanja, ndipo nthawi yochepa ya ku China yokulitsa zombo zapamadzi inatha.Malingaliro aku China adatembenukira mkati, ndikusiya nyanja zikuwonekera bwino kwa mayiko omwe akutukuka aku Europe.

Maganizo amasiyana pa chifukwa chomwe izi zidachitikira.Kaya chifukwa chake chinali chotani, magulu ankhondo osafuna kusintha zinthu anapambana, ndipo kuthekera kwa China kulamulira dziko lonse sikunakwaniritsidwe.Mbiri ya maulendo odabwitsa a Zheng He inatenthedwa.Kufika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 pamene zombo zina zazikulu zofanana zinayamba kuyenda panyanja.